Conversion of austenite to pearlite
Isothermal transformation of austenite When the carbon content of the iron-carbon alloy is 0,77 %, upon slow cooling, it turns into a eutectoid structure,
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Quenching cracks in steel
Thermal contraction and martensitic expansion When a steel part is cooled in this way, to get martensite in it, there are two main dimensional
Read moreHow chemical composition affects the properties of steel
Key Factors of Steel Quality The key to understanding the effect of chemical composition on metallurgy and steel properties is to recognize that, what properties
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Spoke railway wheels: return to the future
Railroad Wheels Wheels are a key element of any rail vehicle. They make up a significant part of the cost, eg, carriage during
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Application of carbon steels
Privates (ordinary) carbon steels Ordinary steels are commonly referred to as unalloyed iron-carbon alloys, which contain up to 2,0 % carbon. In practice, most
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Equilibrium microstructural transformations in steel
Privates Steel Despite, that a large number of complex alloy steels have been developed and used in the world, common steels (become ordinary
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Impurities in steel
Manganese, silicon, sulfur, phosphorus and others Most common grade steels ("Common" or "common" steels) contain fairly high amounts of manganese, which the
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Steel for railway wheels in Europe
Loads in contact between wheel and rail To materials, which work in the contact zone between the wheel and the rail, there are serious demands.
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Railway wheels: technical requirements for design
The railway wheel is a critical element of the carriage The railway wheel is one of the critical elements, which ensure the safe operation of railway rolling stock.
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System “iron-carbon”
Cast iron and steel are more than 80 % weights of all metals used. Most carbon steels contain up to 1,5 % carbon, then
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